Cooling and Crack Suppression of Bone Material Drilling Based on Microtextured Bit Modeled on Dung Beetle

In recent years, the number of patients with orthopedic diseases such as cervical spondylosis has increased, resulting in an increase in the demand for orthopedic surgery. However, thermal necrosis and bone cracks caused by surgery severely restrict the development and progression of orthopedic surgery. For the material of cutting tool processing bone in bone surgery of drilling high temperature lead to cell death, easy to produce the problem such as crack cause secondary damage effects to restore, in this paper, a bionic drill was designed based on the micro-structure of the dung beetle’s head and back. The microstructure configuration parameters were optimized by numerical analysis, and making use of the optical fiber laser marking machine preparation of bionic bit; through drilling test, the mathematical model of drilling temperature and crack generation based on micro-structure characteristic parameters was established by infrared thermal imaging technology and acoustic emission signal technology, and the cooling mechanism and crack suppression strategy were studied. The experimental results show that when the speed is 60 m/min, the cooling effects of the bionic bit T1 and T2 are 15.31% and 19.78%, respectively, and both kinds of bits show obvious crack suppression effect. The research in this paper provides a new idea for precision and efficient machining of bone materials, and the research results will help to improve the design and manufacturing technology and theoretical research level in the field of bone drilling tools

A Case Study of Shuanghui International's Strategic Acquisition of Smithfield Foods

Pork consumption accounts for more than 60% of total meat consumption in China. China’s rapid economic growth, expanding middle class and continuous urbanization is increasing the demand for pork and importance in stabilizing China's pork market. This also creates an opportunity for foreign pork producers to export more pork to China. How can this be done? Foreign direct investment is one solution when trade barriers exist. This case study explores the reasons why China's Shuanghui International acquired the U.S. based, Smithfield Foods. Analysis shows that the success of the two companies’ merger depends upon the establishment of an efficient transnational pork supply chain. This case study can be used for Bachelor of Science and Master of Science students in international economics, agribusiness and agricultural marketing courses. It will also be helpful to business managers who want to export more agricultural goods to China

Supplying China’s Growing Appetite for Poultry

Exports provide a valuable source of income for the U.S. poultry sector, where the U.S. is the world’s second largest broiler meat exporter. Russia, a top market for U.S. broilers, recently declared a one year ban on U.S. agricultural products. To fill this void, China, the United States’ leading agricultural trading partner, could be considered as an expanding market for the U.S. poultry industry. In this paper, we explore the potential for U.S. poultry export opportunities by examining China’s demand, supply, food safety and trade barriers which affect poultry trade between the two countries. Results indicate that although China may not experience rapid growth in U.S. poultry exports in the short run as it meets Chinese consumers’ demand, but that market opportunities exist in the long run as China confronts its supply constraints

Estimating Restrictiveness of SPS Measures for China's Dairy Imports

China has strengthened dairy food safety management with both industrial and trade policies since the melamine incident of 2008. Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures constitute the majority of non-tariff measures (NTMs) for China’s dairy imports. Both Trade Restrictiveness Indexes (TRIs) and Overall Trade Restrictiveness Indexes (OTRIs) pertaining to SPS measures are greater than tariff rates for China’s dairy imports. The top ten countries that export dairy to China experienced different levels of market access barriers, depending on whether they export concentrated milk or cream. SPS related measures are essential for China to develop a safe dairy industry. Supplying China with safe and high quality dairy goods is the best method for dairy exporters to overcome barriers of China’s SPS measures